The Role of Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction in the Development of Inflammatory Periodontal Diseases

Abstract

Insufficient formation of various biologically active substances in the endothelium, leading to an imbalance of these substances, is called endothelial dysfunction (ED). This term describes numerous changes in the functional status of the endothelium that occur in response to external stimuli. However, gradual and permanent disruption of endothelial function occurs with prolonged exposure to damaging factors. ED is considered a condition in which the endothelium is unable to produce nitric oxide (NO) in sufficient quantities. Insufficient NO production is considered the main sign of ED, since NO is the most sensitive factor to damage and plays an important role in the regulation of virtually all endothelial functions. Inflammatory processes and atherosclerosis are among the many pathological conditions caused by this imbalance in NO production. In the modern scientific community, the endothelium is considered dynamic, heterogeneous and widespread. It performs the most important tasks for maintaining the body's homeostasis. The endothelium is involved not only in secretory and synthetic processes, but also in metabolism and immune protection. Its cells can synthesize NO, which regulates vascular tone and blood pressure. The endothelium is also involved in metabolism, regulating lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and promoting the immune response, protecting the body from inflammation and pathogens