Antibacterial Activity of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles (MgO NPs) Against Isolated Gram-Negative Bacteria from Local Market Raw Beef Meat

Although red meat is an essential source of nutrients and high-quality proteins, it is very vulnerable to microbiological pollution. The purpose of this study was to determine how common Gram-negative bacteria were in 100 raw beef samples and to assess the antibacterial potential of

Nanoparticles of magnesium oxide (MgO NPs). The findings showed that Escherichia coli was the most prevalent isolate (52%), with Klebsiella pneumoniae coming in second (19%). Antimicrobial

The VITEK 2 system's susceptibility testing revealed high resistance rates, especially against cefotaxime and ampicillin/sulbactam. The MgO NPs showed notable inhibitory effects; the mode MIC for E. coli was 125 μg/mL, whereas K. pneumoniae demonstrated greater resistance, with MIC values up to 500 μg/mL. These findings imply that MgO NPs are a powerful substitute for managing foodborne pathogens that are resistant to multiple drugs (MDR).