Causes and Mechanism of Development of Bruxism

Abstract

at present, the causes of bruxism have not been fully studied. There are various etiological factors, among which: occlusion, psychological, exogenous, genetic conditions, EEG activation reactions, the action of neurotransmitters and are considered as concomitant diseases. A number of researchers have found that local factors such as deformation of the teeth and occlusion, partial absence of teeth, uneven pathological adhesions, irrational prostheses, periodontitis have a significant impact on the development of bruxism. The occlusion concept was popularized by Ramfjord in 1961. Also, in his study, it was confirmed that proper occlusion treatment could lead to decreased episodes of bruxism. Among the many etiological factors of parafunctions of chewing muscles, the main place is given to functional overloads associated with tooth loss, dental anomalies, deformities of the facial skeleton. In turn, some scholars have questioned the occlusion theory of the development of bruxism. In studies conducted by Kato (2003), the prevalence of the disease has been proven to be the same in both the control group and the group of patients with occlusion interference in their studies. Dental morphology and sleep bruxism suggest that there is no association in bruxism between children and adult patients. In an experiment to create artificial occlusion barriers, bruxism has proven in etiology that occlusion disorder only plays a secondary role, and believes that correcting occlusion does not lead to the elimination of parafunctional activity. Occlusion disorders identify bruxism in 85.2% of patients with dysfunction of the musculoskeletal system. At the same time confirms that it occurs in 100% of patients with bruxism, but cites in scientific sources that pathological swallowing can also be observed in 40% of patients without clinical signs and complaints.