Echocardiographic Findings in Chronic Glomerulonephritis and Cardiac Structural Changes

Abstract

Chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) is a progressive kidney disease that often leads to cardiovascular complications, including left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and diastolic dysfunction. These cardiac changes are associated with poor clinical outcomes, yet their early detection and management remain challenging.

Despite the recognized link between renal and cardiac dysfunction, there is limited data on the specific echocardiographic parameters affected in CGN and their clinical implications. Understanding these relationships is crucial for optimizing patient care.

This cross-sectional study analyzed echocardiographic data from 100 adult CGN patients. Participants were evaluated for key cardiac parameters, including LV mass index (LVMI), ejection fraction (EF), and diastolic function (E/A ratio, E/e', deceleration time). Renal function markers such as serum creatinine and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were also assessed.

The majority of patients (70%) exhibited LVH, with a mean LVMI above the normal range for both men and women. Diastolic dysfunction was observed in 65% of participants. A significant correlation was found between elevated LVMI and reduced GFR, indicating a close relationship between renal impairment and cardiac remodeling.

The study confirms that CGN patients are at high risk for cardiac structural changes, particularly LVH and diastolic dysfunction. Early echocardiographic screening may help detect these changes before they progress to heart failure, highlighting the need for integrated care between nephrology and cardiology teams. Future research should explore the long-term outcomes of these findings and potential therapeutic interventions.