Tbilisi, Crispr/Cas9 Technology in Cancer Treatment: Current Applications and Perspectives

Abstract

Cancer remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide, with its incidence rising due to aging populations, environmental factors, and genetic predispositions. Traditional treatment approaches (surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation) offer limited efficacy and often cause significant side effects, highlighting the urgent need for more effective and targeted therapies. Presented article provides brief review about cancer treatment methods and potential of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in anticancer therapy. Recent advances in targeted therapy and immunotherapy have improved cancer treatment outcomes, yet challenges such as resistance, immune evasion, and high costs persist. CRISPR/Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, has emerged as a promising strategy in cancer research and treatment. This technology allows precise genetic modifications, offering potential applications in tumor suppression, overcoming drug resistance, and enhancing immunotherapy. CRISPR/Cas9 has been utilized to restore tumor suppressor gene function, disrupt drug resistance mechanisms, and engineer T cells to improve immune response against cancer. The first U.S. clinical trial of CRISPR-based cancer therapy, demonstrated its feasibility in modifying T cells for enhanced tumor recognition and destruction. Despite its promise, CRISPR-based therapies face significant challenges, including off-target effects, delivery inefficiencies, immune system responses, and ethical concerns. Researchers are actively working on improving delivery methods using viral vectors and nanotechnology, as well as refining high-fidelity Cas9 variants to enhance precision and safety. In conclusion, CRISPR/Cas9 holds great potential for transforming cancer treatment by offering more precise, effective, and personalized therapeutic strategies. While challenges remain, ongoing advancements in CRISPR technology may pave the way for its integration into clinical oncology, ultimately improving patient outcomes and advancing the field of cancer medicine.