Nanotechnology in the Development of Smart Drug Delivery Systems

Abstract

Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative field in the development of advanced drug delivery systems, offering significant improvements in therapeutic efficacy, targeted delivery, and safety. This review comprehensively explores the integration of nanotechnology in smart drug delivery systems, emphasizing the advancements and challenges in nanocarrier design, including polymeric nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, hybrid hydrogels, and stimuli-responsive nanomicelles. These innovations have significantly enhanced drug bioavailability, navigated complex biological barriers, and reduced systemic toxicity. The stealth properties of nanocarriers, notably through polymer coatings, have addressed critical challenges such as rapid clearance and opsonization. The review also highlights recent advancements in stimuli-responsive nanomicelles and hybrid nanocarriers, emphasizing their potential for controlled and precise drug release. Furthermore, the importance of nanotechnology in precision medicine is underscored, showcasing its capability to customize treatments and overcome limitations associated with conventional drug delivery systems. Despite considerable progress, ongoing research into biocompatibility, biodegradability, and regulatory frameworks is essential to fully realize clinical applications of nanomedicine. Overall, continuous innovation in nanomaterial design underscores its critical role in addressing complex health conditions, including cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, and chronic illnesses, positioning nanotechnology as a cornerstone for future advancements in drug delivery.