Physiological Assessment of Vitamin D, Calcium Levels, and Bone Mineral Density in Pre-and Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis in Babylon Governorate

Background: Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease caused by a reduction in the mass and mineral density of bone because of the reduced levels of calcium in the body, which result in fragile bones that are prone to fractures. Furthermore, Osteoporosis is a common disease that is more prevalent in women than men, where the symptoms appear strongly and rapidly because of the physiological, psychological, and hormonal differences..

Aim of the study: Study the effect of some biomarkers like (Vitamin D₃, Serum calcium, and Bone Mineral Density) in Pre- and Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis in Babylon Governorate.

Material and method: The current case-control study included 90 women who were divided into three groups. 23 women were diagnosed with perimenopausal osteoporosis, 37 women with postmenopausal osteoporosis, and 30 women as controls. The research was conducted from October 2023 to November 2024 at Marjan Teaching Hospital in Babylon Governorate, as well as in additional external laboratories. Women with perimenopausal osteoporosis typically range in age from 30 to 50 years, while those with postmenopausal osteoporosis generally fall between the ages of 50 and 65.

Results: The study results indicate a significant increase in alkaline phosphatases (ALP) in postmenopausal women (103 ± 9.11) and perimenopausal women (118 ± 12.1) compared to the control group (103 ± 9.32, 118 ± 12.1). Conversely, bone mineral density (BMD) was decreased in postmenopausal women (0.6 ± 0.02) and perimenopausal women (0.85 ± 0.01) when compared to the control group (0.63 ± 0.02, 0.85 ± 0.01). Similarly, the levels of vitamin D3 were also decreased in perimenopause (19.97± 1.32) and postmenopause (13.30±0.92) compared with the control group (19.97± 1.32). In the same way, the Calcium (Ca) examination also recorded a decrease in postmenopausal (7,92± 0.31) and perimenopausal (8,87± 1.12) women compared with the control group (7,92± 0.31) (8,87± 1.12). However, PO₄ level was increased in perimenopause women (6.12± 0.11) and decreased in postmenopause (5.98± 0.02).

Conclusion: The findings emphasize the critical importance of early diagnosis and the implementation of targeted preventive measures, particularly for women approaching or undergoing menopause. Decreased levels of vitamin D₃, calcium, and bone mineral density (BMD), along with elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels, suggest an increased risk of osteoporosis-related complications. However, these risks can be significantly reduced through timely medical intervention and appropriate lifestyle modifications.