The Dyslipidemic and Hyperglycemic Effects of L-arginine in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Albino Rats

Diabetes is a dangerous condition that poses a substantial risk to worldwide health care. The augmentation of lipolysis caused by persistent hyperglycemia, which eventually results in dyslipidemia, is a major contributing component to its systemic negative effects. Most diabetic people have dyslipidemia, which is a major risk factor for all cardiovascular disorders. When combined with its antioxidant properties, L-arginine can significantly help control and prevent diabetes and its associated complications. The goal of the study was to identify new applications for L-arginine in the treatment of diabetes. In this investigation, 21 adult male albino rats weighing 240-290 g were employed. After their blood sugar and lipid profiles were checked, animals were randomly divided into three groups of seven respectively. One group was maintained as the Normal Control Group (NC), while the other two groups were treated with only intraperitoneal (IP) dose of alloxan (140 mg/kg body weight) to create a quasi-analogue Type II diabetic model. All of the rats in the two groups had blood sugar levels above 200 mg/dl after 48 hours, and they were diagnosed with diabetes. One was used as the treatment group, DM+L-ARG, and the other was used as a positive control, using Type II diabetic rats (DM). While the DM+L-ARG group received L-arginine (200 mg/kg daily) by oral gavage, the NC and Type II diabetic DM groups were fed a conventional diet and clean drinking water. Blood tests were performed to compare their lipid profile and fasting blood sugar after 30 days of treatment. Group III (DM+L-ARG) demonstrated a substantial enhancement with a p-value of less than 0.001 in terms of fasting blood sugar (FBS), total cholesterol (T-Chol), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). We conclude from this experimental animal study that the antioxidant L-arginine, with an excellent safety profile and few side effects, has anti-hyperglycemia and anti-lipidemia properties in the alloxan -induced diabetic model.