Design and Implementation of Oxygenation Part of the Heart Lung Machine Using Arduino

Abstract

The blood oxygenation component is regarded as a critical aspect of the open heart and lung system during open-heart surgery. This is due to the fact that, during such procedures, the heart and lungs temporarily cease their fundamental functions. Consequently, it is essential to utilize an alternative device or component that compensates for and replaces the functions of the heart and lungs, thereby ensuring the following capabilities: The apparatus serves to substitute the roles of the heart and lungs during open-heart surgery, facilitating blood circulation between the heart and the various organs of the body. This function is crucial in preventing blood clot formation within the body tissues when the natural circulation mechanism is not operational. Additionally, it regulates the volume of blood being pumped into the patient's body throughout the surgical procedure, with a pumping rate of 2.4 liters per minute for adults and 1.2 liters per minute for newborns.

The process of oxygenating the blood typically occurs through the lungs; however, during this specific type of procedure, the lungs are unable to perform their usual functions. It is essential to maintain the blood temperature below 30 degrees Celsius. In this project, we have developed a system that not only fulfills these requirements but also regulates the temperature of both the blood and the body. The device effectively lowers the blood temperature to below 30 degrees Celsius, thereby diminishing the metabolic activity of all body parts, which subsequently reduces their oxygen demand during the surgical procedure.