Preeclampsia: Modern Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention Strategies

Abstract

A chronic women's health condition named Endometriosis impacts ten percent of all women who are of reproductive age in the world today. Researchers now view immune system dysfunction as an essential element that causes endometriosis development even though scientists have not determined all underlying immunological mechanisms. Researchers examined endometriosis-induced immune alterations while evaluating cytokine signatures together with dysregulated immune cell responses and epigenetic changes to establish novel diagnostic indicators and individualized therapeutic plans. A total of 150 women took part in the research including 100 participants with endometriosis and 50 healthy controls. The analysis studied both blood and endometrial tissue samples to evaluate pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, VEGF) alongside immune cell profiles (Th1/Th2, Th17/Treg balance, NK cell activity) and macrophage polarization (M1/M2 ratio). The scientists analyzed both DNA methylation patterns and levels of microRNA expression as part of their epigenetic examination. The study results showed endometriosis disturbs immune functions because concentrations of IL-6 TNF-α and VEGF were abnormally high and the ratio between Th17/Treg cells tilted toward inflammatory responses. The reduced NK cell cytotoxicity along with M2-dominant macrophage polarization maintained chronic inflammation that led to the survival of ectopic tissue. Results from epigenetic assessments showed distinct methylation patterns and microRNA expression altered for immune system control. Therapeutic methods targeted at immune pathways along with immunomodulatory medicines combined with biomarker diagnostics will yield better outcomes for treatment. Understanding the immunopathogenesis of endometriosis becomes more detailed through these research findings which demonstrate why precision medicine should guide its management.