Primary and Secondary Hypertension: Differences in Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Clinical Management

Abstract

Arterial hypertension (AH) is a widespread cardiovascular condition, clinically divided into primary (essential) and secondary (symptomatic) types. Accurate differentiation between these two forms is vital for timely diagnosis and effective treatment. This review discusses the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnostic criteria, and modern treatment approaches for both types of hypertension. Emphasis is placed on the importance of clinical vigilance, especially in young patients with atypical presentations, where secondary causes may be more prevalent.