Cervical Spine Birth Trauma in Newborns: Epidemiology and Diagnostic Complexity

Birth trauma involving the cervical spine represents one of the most clinically significant yet
diagnostically complex forms of neonatal injury. Although relatively rare, such injuries are
associated with severe neurological consequences, including motor dysfunction, respiratory
compromise, and long-term disability. This study aims to examine the prevalence of cervical spine
birth injuries and to analyze the clinical and instrumental challenges associated with their early
diagnosis. The research integrates clinical case analysis, obstetric risk assessment, and neonatal
neurological evaluation. Particular attention is given to delivery complications, including breech
presentation, instrumental delivery, prolonged labor, and excessive traction during obstetric
manipulation. Findings indicate that diagnostic detection is frequently delayed due to nonspecific
clinical manifestations, limited neonatal imaging accessibility, and the overlap of symptoms with
hypoxic-ischaemic conditions. The study highlights the importance of early neurological
screening, advanced imaging modalities, and interdisciplinary cooperation between
neonatologists, neurologists, and obstetricians. Improving diagnostic algorithms and perinatal risk
monitoring may significantly reduce morbidity and long-term neurological sequelae associated
with cervical birth trauma.