Comparative Evaluation of Steroid, Antimicrobial, Silicone, and Heparin-Based Preparations in Skin Wound Healing: An Experimental Study in a Rat Model

Abstract

Skin wound healing outcomes vary, ranging from successful healing to the formation of scars or keloids. Treatment for keloids and scar management may involve silicone gel sheets, pressure therapy, and topical treatments to improve appearance and texture. This study investigates the effects of four different treatments—Dermatix Ultra, Epicyn, Flosteron, and Contractubex—on the wound healing process in a rat model. Full-thickness excisional skin wounds were created and monitored over four weeks, with treatments applied according to specific protocols. The focus was on analyzing pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6) using ELISA, and conducting histological assessments to observe changes in fibroblasts, collagen, and elastic fibers. Results. The results demonstrated that IL-1 levels returned to baseline by the 21st day in the groups treated with Dermatix Ultra and Epicyn, while IL-6 levels followed suit by the 28th day. In contrast, both cytokines remained elevated in the control and Contractubex-treated animals. Histological evaluation revealed that vascularization and fibroblast activity normalized more rapidly in the Dermatix Ultra-treated group, achieving this by the 14th and 21st days, respectively. Collagen and elastic fiber restoration occurred earlier in the Dermatix Ultra-treated group compared to the others. Although Epicyn also had a positive impact, its effectiveness was somewhat lower than that of Dermatix Ultra. On the other hand, treatments with Flosteron and Contractubex were associated with extended inflammation and slower collagen deposition. Conclusion. Dermatix Ultra appeared as the most effective treatment for promoting wound healing and reducing inflammation, making it a promising therapeutic option in clinical settings.