Histological and Immunohistological Differences between Chalazion and Pterygium

Chalazion and pterygium are two distinct ocular conditions characterized by unique histological and immunohistological profiles. Chalazion involves granulomatous inflammation of the Meibomian glands, marked by macrophage aggregation and fibrosis, while pterygium is characterized by fibrovascular proliferation, epithelial hyperplasia, and elastotic degeneration, driven by UV-induced oxidative stress and angiogenesis. This study aims to compare the histological and immunohistological differences between chalazion and pterygium to elucidate their pathophysiological mechanisms. Understanding these differences enhances diagnostic precision and therapeutic strategies, improving clinical outcomes.