The Influence of Renal Pathology on the Course of Liver Cirrhosis

Liver cirrhosis is a chronic, progressive disease characterized by the replacement of normal liver tissue with fibrotic tissue, leading to portal hypertension and hepatic insufficiency. Renal pathology, especially hepatorenal syndrome (HRS), is among the most severe and life-threatening complications of advanced cirrhosis. The interaction between the liver and kidneys is complex, involving hemodynamic, neurohormonal, and inflammatory pathways. This study explores how renal dysfunction develops in patients with cirrhosis, its pathophysiological basis, diagnostic features, and therapeutic options. Evidence from recent clinical and experimental studies indicates that renal pathology accelerates the progression of liver failure and significantly increases mortality. Timely diagnosis, albumin therapy, and vasoconstrictor treatment are crucial to improve survival. The emergence of new drugs like terlipressin and norepinephrine, along with early use of renal replacement therapy, provides new opportunities for managing hepatorenal syndrome.