Diagnosis, Treatment, and Future Perspectives of Glioblastoma Multiforme

Abstract

Currently, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most malignant glial tumor of the central nervous system, stands out globally with its high mortality rate and significant prevalence among the adult population. Accordingly, issues related to the diagnosis, treatment, chemotherapy, complications, and outcomes of GBM are highly relevant today.Unfortunately, glioblastoma remains the impregnable fortress of modern neurooncology, as no effective therapeutic agent or treatment regimen has yet been developed that can fully cure the disease. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and biopsy remain as the gold standards for diagnosis. Treatment involves neurosurgical intervention, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy.In current chemotherapy protocols for glioblastoma, new-generation medications are employed, particularly temozolomide, carmustine, and bevacizumab. However, their efficacy is not fully established, and their use is associated with various side effects and toxicities. The rapid proliferative nature of tumor cells, acquired resistance during chemotherapy, and the side effects of drugs present significant challenges in the management ofGBM.Due to these factors, the search for effective cures for glioblastoma remains as one of the top priorities in modern medicine.At present, available data and evidence regarding effective therapeutic regimens and chemotherapeutic agents for glioblastoma multiforme remain limited.Contemporary medical research focuses intensively on the prevention of chemotherapy-induced side effects and toxicities, as well as exploring innovative avenues for potential curative treatments for glioblastoma.