A Review of Salmonellosis Infection, Modes of Transmission, and its Drugs Resistance

Abstract

Salmonella is a common foodborne bacterium that causes both human and animal gastroenteritis. Salmonella, which includes over 2500 identified serovars, is extremely harmful. People contract Salmonella through the farm-to-fork chain, often as a result of eating animal-derived foods. Fish, non-animal-derived foods and beef, pork, including vegetables and fruits, are the next most important sources after poultry and poultry products. Salmonellosis is mainly treated with antibiotics, the growth of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella strains and an increase in antibiotic resistance have made the need to find antibiotic alternatives progressively important. The epidemiology and dynamics of transmission of the disease must be thoroughly understood in order to manage infections effectively. This comprehensive review thus focuses on the host range, transmission dynamics, risk factors, and the causes of infection of Salmonella serotypes. This study also looks at the genesis, antibiotic resistance, symptoms of the disease in humans and animals, and potential treatment and control strategies for salmonellosis, with an emphasis on the latest antibiotic-alternative infection control strategies.