Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Expression in Endometrial Hyperplasia and Endometrial Carcinoma: Could It Be a New Marker?

Endometrial carcinoma ranks as the second most prevalent gynecological malignancy globally, while endometrial hyperplasia is acknowledged as a precursor lesion for some variants of endometrial malignancies. Aim of the study aimed to determine immuno- histochemically hCG expression in endometrial specimens obtained from patients with endometrial hyperplasia, endome-trial cancer, and secretory endometrium, and to determine if there is a correlation between type of lesion and hCG positivity. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Al-Imamain Al-Khademain Medical City, from 1st of Jan 2023 to the end of Dec 2024. Patients with Abnormal uterine bleeding not related to pregnancy with different parameters were registered, full history and examination were done, including per vaginal examination to exclude local cause of bleeding, US was done to assess the endometrial thickness, routine investigation was done, a questionnaire set and acceptance to participate in the study, one of the patients had breast cancer which was excluded from the study. The current study included 50 patients; 17 (34%) with normal endometrium, 13 (26%) patients presented with endometrial hyperplasia without atypia, 12 (24%) patients presented with endometrial hyperplasia with atypia, and 8 (16%) patients presented with endometrial carcinoma, significant increase in age of patients with endometrial cancer than that in other 3 groups,  highly significant difference found in diagnostic method by endometrium biopsy in patients with normal endometrium than that of other groups, and patients with post-menopausal were significantly higher in patients with EC than that in other groups. Lastly, highly significant increase in CA-125 level in patients with endometrial cancer group than that in other groups (P<0.001).    Endometrial cancer were significantly increase in patients with positive HCG than that in negative HCG features.